by Brenna Spurgeon
Geography is playing a greater role than genetics in the childhood obesity epidemic, and access to healthy food choices is one of the biggest causes, according to an article in TIME. Many Americans in rural areas have less access to fresh fruits and vegetables than those in more dense areas. Cheap processed foods, high in calories and readily available, are bought by default – a result of income and convenience rather than nutrition or even taste.
Additionally, studies have shown that poorer neighborhoods tend to have fewer recreational areas, while rural residents are too dispersed to make walking or bike transportation feasible. A child born in rural South Dakota would have to work harder to stay fit than a one born in Boulder, Colorado.
According to the 2006 figures from the Center for Disease Control, “30.7% of white American kids are overweight or obese, compared with 34.9% of blacks and 38% of Mexican Americans. As for income, 22.4% of 10-to-17-year-olds living below the poverty line–less than $21,200 for a family of four–are overweight or obese, compared with 9.1% of kids whose families earn at least four times that amount.”
Additionally, the 2003 National Survey of Children’s Health shows the influence of geography: “16.5% of rural kids are obese, compared with 14.4% of urban kids.” There is a misconception that rural kids are getting exercise working on the farm; many occupy their days with video games and television in the same way as urban children.
However, children in urban areas are likely to have the option of walking to school or play areas. In poorer neighborhoods, walking can become a safety issue. Xuemei Zhu, a doctoral student at Texas A&M University, found, “In low-income neighborhoods, the walkability didn’t matter. Safety is the No. 1 factor influencing [parents].”
One of the most successful groups to increase fresh foods in what has been labeled “nutritional deserts” is the Food Trust in Philadelphia. The Trust is trying to bring back supermarkets to low-income communities that have lost them over the years, attempting to improve the accessibility of fresh produce and nutrition education in elementary schools, and is taking fresh fruits and vegetables to neighborhoods that lack them, via farmer’s markets. The journal Pediatrics credits the Food Trust with helping decrease the occurrence of overweight students by fifty percent.
“The environmental factors are much more compelling toward obesity than they were 30 years ago,” says William Dietz, director of the division of nutrition and physical activity at the CDC.